DEA Exempt Drug Standards

Environmental Standards

• POPs
• Dioxins / Furans
• PCBs
• Flame Retardants
• PAHs
• PCNs
• Pesticides / Herbicides
• EPA Methods
• EN Methods

Explosive Standards

Flame Retardants Standards

Food Standards

Magnetic Resonance Standards

Metabolic Standards (Ten Brink / VUMC)

• Deuterated Fatty Acids
• Deuterated Bile Acids
• Deuterated Acylcarnitines
• 13C or Deuterium Labeled Acylglycines
• Various Deuterium Labeled Compounds
• Natural Fatty Acids
• Natural Bile Acids
• Natural Acylcarnitines
• Natural Acylglycines
• Various Natural Compounds

Petroleum Standards
Standards for ASTM methods used for Analytical Chemistry in the Petroleum Industry.
Includes Inorganic and Organic Standards.

Catalog Stable Isotope

Intro

What is a stable isotope?
A stable isotope is any of two or more forms of an element whose nuclei contains the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. Stable isotopes remain unchanged indefinitely, but unstable (radioactive) isotopes undergo spontaneous disintegration. An isotopically labeled compound has one or more of its atoms enriched in an isotope.

We have categorized our program in alphabetical order in the following groups of products:

Agricultural Research Products

Alpha-Keto Acids

Amino Acids

Ammonium Salts

Glucose

Growth Media / ISOGRO™

Nucleotides

dNTPs

Other Products of Interest

Buffers & Reagents

Breath Test Substrates

Cyclotron Target Materials / For PET Radioisotope production

Gases

Metal Isotopes

MRI & MRS Research Products

NMR Products

Noble Gases

Nutrition & Metabolic Studies

Research Products

Amino Acids

Carbohydrates

Fatty Acids / Lipids

Polymers

RNA / DNA Products

Steroids

Vitamines

Standards

Sterility & Pyrogenicity testing

° Breath Tests Substrates

Basics of 13C Breath Testing

Breath Tests are a new non-invasive technique, which offer real benefits to both patient and doctor. A range of tests is available to clinicians for gastro-intestinal and metabolic diseases. Breath Tests use metabolites labeled with a non-radioactive isotope of carbon, which removes the environmental and safety concerns associated with radioactive materials, while obtaining definitive results.

A 13C Breath Test consists of the administration to a patient of a 13C labeled substrate that is metabolized by a specific enzyme system resulting in 13CO2 as the end product. To monitor the enzyme response, 13C enrichment is measured in breath CO2.

The total procedure of 13C Breath testing includes definition of the preparation of the patient before the test, administration of the 13C labeled substrate, collection of breath samples, measurement of 13C enrichment in breath CO2 and calculation of an end result.

To detect the Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the stomach, the Urea-13C Breath Test is used.

Campro Scientific offers you a wide range of 13C-labeled compounds (or Breath Test Substrates) for application in the following breath tests. Download Campro Brochures

Basics of H2 and CH4 Breath Testing

Hydrogen and methane are produced in the digestive system primarily only by the bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates (sugars, starches or vegetable fibers), so either of these gases appear in the expired air, it is usually a signal that carbohydrates or carbohydrate fragments have been exposed to bacteria, permitting such fermentation to take place.
Bacteria are ordinarily not present in significant numbers in the small intestine, where digestion and absorption of sugars take place. Therefore, when a challenge dose (eg. lactose) is ingested, the level of hydrogen in alveolar air will rise significantly within one to two hours (depending on the intestinal transit time) only if the sugar is not digested and, therefore reaches the colon.

Function Test

• Gastro intestinal function
  - Digestion
    Carbohydrate Digestion
    13C Lactose high enriched
    13C Lactose natural enriched
    13C Sucrose
    13C Starch
    Lipid Digestion
    13C Triolein
    13C Tripalmitin
    13C Tristearin
  
  - Absorption
    Carbohydrate Absorption
    13C D-Glucose
    13C D-Fructose
    13C D-Galactose
    Fatty Acid Absorption
    13C Palmitic Acid
    13C Stearic Acid
    13C Linoleic Acid
  

• Liver function
    13C Aminopyrine
    13C Methacetin
    13C Ketoisocaproic Acid
    13C Phenacetin
    13C D-Galactose
    13C Caffein
  

• Pancreatic function
    13C Mixed Triglyceride
    13C Cholesteryl Octanoate
  

Gastro Intestinal Transit

• Gastric emptying rate
  - Solid Fase
    13C Octanoic Acid
  
  - Liquid Fase
    13C Sodium Octanoate
    13C Sodium Acetate
    13C Glycine
    
  
• Oro-cecal transit time
    13C Lactosyl Ureide
  

Bacterial Implication

• Helicobacter pylori
  13C Urea
  
  
• Small bowel bacterial overgrowth
  13C D-Xylose
  13C Cholylglycine
  

Metabolism

• Amino acid metabolism
  13C Leucine
  
  
• Fatty acid oxidation
  13C Linolenic Acid

Note
In addition to the Urea-13C, UBT Grade manufactured under cGMP guidelines, we now offer you Octanoic Acid-1-13C, OBT Grade meeting all of the U.S. Food and Drugs Administration’s cGMP.


° Breath Test Analysers

13C Breath Test Analysers

• HeliFANplus
  
• FANci2
• HeliFANplus with Autosampler
  

H2 / CH4 Breath Test Analysers

• Breath Tracker SC
  H2, CH4 and CO2 trace-gas analyzer



• Breath Tracker DP
  H2 and CH4 trace-gas analyzer
  
  
• Breath Tracker H2+
  H2 and CO2 trace-gas analyzer



• Breath Tracker H2
  H2 trace-gas analyzer



• Breath Test Samplers
  - GaSampler Kit
  - KidSampler Kit
  - BabySampler Kit
  - AlveoSampler Kit
  - EasySampler Kit

Brochures

• Power-Prep™ PLE
• Power-Prep EPH
• Power-Prep GPC
• PowerPrep-SPE
• Power-Prep™
• Total-Rapid-Prep™
  

Products info

Introduction to PET and Cyclotron

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine medical imaging technique where radioactive 'tracer' isotopes, which emit a positron, are injected into a living subject (usually blood circuit). After traveling less than one millimeter the positron annihilates with an electron, producing a pair of gamma ray photons in opposite directions. The technique depends on simultaneous or "coincidental" detection of this pair of photons. Photons which do not come in pairs (within a few nanoseconds) are ignored. By measuring where the gamma rays end up, their origin in the body can be plotted, allowing the chemical uptake or activity of certain part of the body to be determined. It is used heavily in clinical oncology (medical imaging of tumors and search for metastases) and in human brain and heart research.

PET scanning is invasive, in that radioactive material is injected into the subject/patient. However, the total dose of radiation is small, usually around 7 mSv. This can be compared to 2.2 mSv average annual background radiation in the UK, 0.02 mSv for a chest X-Ray, up to 8 mSv for a CT scan of the chest, 2-6 mSv per annum for aircrew, and 7.8 mSv per annum background exposure in Cornwall (Data from UK National Radiation Protection Board).

Alternative methods of scanning are single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The spatial and temporal resolution of images developed using PET may not be as good as with some of the other techniques.

However, while other imaging scans such as CT and MRI, isolate organic anatomical changes in the body, PET scanners are capable of detecting areas of molecular biology detail (even prior to anatomical change) via the use of radioisotopes that have different rates of uptake depending on the type of tissue involved. The changing of regional blood flow in various anatomical structures (as a measure of the injected positron emitter) can be visualized and relatively quantified with a PET scan.

Radionuclides used in PET scanning are typically isotopes with short half lives such as Carbon-11, Nitrogen-13, Oxygen-15, and Fluorine-18 (half-lives of 20 min, 10 min, 2 min, and 110 min resp.). Due to their short half-lives, the isotopes must be produced in a cyclotron at or near the site of the PET scanner. These isotopes are incorporated into compounds normally used by the body, such as glucose, water or ammonia, and then injected into the body to trace where they become distributed.

PET as a technique for scientific investigation is limited by the need for clearance by ethics committees to inject radioactive material into subjects, and also by the fact that it is not advisable to subject any one subject to too many scans. Furthermore, due to the high costs of cyclotrons needed to produce the short-lived radioisotopes for PET scanning, few hospitals and universities are capable of performing PET scans.

Applications of PET scanning

PET is a valuable technique for some diseases and disorders, because it is possible to target the radio-chemicals used for particular bodily functions.

• Oncology
  PET scanning with the tracer (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG, FDG-PET) is widely used in clinical oncology. This tracer mimics glucose and is avidly taken up and retained by most tumors.
  As a result FDG-PET can be used for diagnosis, staging, and monitoring treatment of cancers.
  
  
• Neurology
  PET scanning of the brain is based on an assumption that areas of high radioactivity are associated with brain activity. What is actually measured indirectly is the flow of blood to different parts of the brain, which is generally believed to be correlated, and usually measured using the tracer (15O) oxygen.
  
  
• Cardiology
  In clinical cardiology FDG-PET can identify so-called "hibernating myocardium", but its cost-effectiveness in this role versus SPECT is unclear.
  
  
• Psychology
  To measure neurological activity in amnesiac patients.

A cyclotron is a machine to accelerate beams of charged particles by using a high frequency alternating voltage across a magnetic field to spiral the beam out and eventually deflect it once the beam's radius equals its container's. At this point the particles' speed is generally very high, approaching the speed of light. The cyclotron was invented by Ernest Lawrence in 1929, who used it in experiments which required particles of speeds of up to 1 MeV. Cyclotrons are used today in the treatment of cancer, as the particles produced ionize tumors and help to stop or slow cancerous growth.

• Deuterium Oxide
• Deuterium Oxide-18O
• Water-17O
• Water-18O (download Water-18O form)
  

DLW - 10% - Energy Expenditure Studies

The study of organismal energy expenditure by using 18O and deuterium to measure carbon dioxide production of free-living animals and humans. Total energy expenditure is calculated from carbon dioxide production using the standard equations of indirect calorimetry (TEE). The measurement of total energy expenditure by Water-18O, 10% and doubly labeled water (DLW, 10% D,10% 18O) has become an important tool for the study of energy metabolism, especially with regard to the study of human obesity.

Doubly Labeled Water Technique

A form of indirect calorimetry based on the elimination of deuterium and oxygen (18) from urine, the doubly labeled water technique measures the turnover of hydrogen and oxygen into water and carbon dioxide; energy expenditure is calculated from the difference. This method of determining energy expenditure is useful because it enables researchers to measure total carbon dioxide production over a long period of time--from five to 20 days--and yet only requires periodic sampling of urine. People being tested can continue their normal routines because the method does not require special arrangements or devices.

The prevalence of obesity has increased considerably in our society over the last decade. The affluence of food (increased energy intake) and the low physical activity level (decreased energy expenditure) challenges the energy balance. Therefore methods to assess general underlying physiological mechanisms such as energy metabolism and substrate oxidation are indispensable.
The amount of energy necessary for normal functioning in rest (resting metabolic rate), the increase in energy expenditure after food consumption (diet induced thermogenesis) and the amount of energy expended on physical activity collectively constitute daily energy expenditure. Measurement of these aspects of energy metabolism enable evaluation and assessment of the effect of lifestyle interventions and food products.

95+ % for FDG, Fluor-18 Products / PET

Sterility & Pyrogenicity testing

We can test products for sterility and pyrogenicity. Testing is done in bulk form, before subdivision packaging. This bulk test does not guarantee that the subdivision or repackaged product is sterile and pyrogen free when it is received or used by the customer. It does not imply suitability for any particular purpose. If the product must be sterile and pyrogen free for the intended application, we recommend that the product is tested prior to actual use. Upon request we will ultrafilter products that are to be tested for sterility and pyrogenicity for an additional fee.

Intro

Campro Scientific offers the scientific community a full range of top quality radiochemicals. The radiochemical and chemical purity of our products is assured to be 97% - 99%.
We have categorized our program in alphabetical order in the following groups of products:

• Amino Acids
• Autoradiography Standards
• Brain Mapping & Blood Flow Tracers
• Carbohydrates / Sugars
• Ceramides, Spingolipids, Phospholipids
• Coenzyme A products
• Drugs for AIDS and Cancer Research
• Fatty Acids
• Inositides
• Mevalonolactones & Isoprenoids
• Neurochemical Ligands
• Nucleosides & Nucleotides
• Peptides
• Pesticides
• Plant Materials - on request
• Radionuclides
  P-32-33
  S-35
  Cl-36
  Ca-45
  Cr-51
  Y-90
  I-125 – 131
  In-111
  Ra-224
  Lu-177

• Steroids
• Services
  
Tritium Labeling


• Custom Synthesis
  
C-14
H-3
I-125
S-35

Guaranteed Custom Synthesis with Tritium

The Tritium Custom Synthesis service offered by Moravek is designed to minimize uncertainty about the outcome of a project. A detailed quotation is used to outline the specification of the final product before the work is started. The compound will meet the agreed upon specifications for minimum specific activity, total activity and purity (usually 97% by HPLC) or no fee is charged. Request for Custom Synthesis

Important information - Licensing Requirements

Compliance with the terms of state, federal and institutional regulations for the procurement of radioactive materials is the responsibility of the user. Purchasers of radiolabeled compounds should familiarize themselves with all applicable regulations. To comply with current regulatory guidelines, Campro Scientific B.V. must have a customer license or written certification stating that the customer is authorized to possess the type and quantity of radioactive material being ordered. This information must be provided before any order is shipped. Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
Narcotics and non-narcotics offered for sale on the website, in the catalogue and in catalogue quantities have been classified by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) as exempt chemical preparations. They do not require a DEA license or DEA-222 form prior to shipment. Narcotics and psychotropic substances are regulated under the United National International Narcotics / Psychotropics Control Board. Customers of these products are responsible for their own applicable national rules and regulations. They should also inform us if their custom synthesis requests involve regulated substances.

The following companies offer the possibility of producing products under cGMP conditions

• Avanti Polar Lipids
• AstaTech
• Toronto Research Chemicals
• Isotec

Intro

A metal is an element that readily forms cations and bonds ionically. The metals are one of the three groups of elements as distinguished by their ionization and bonding properties, along with the metalloids and nonmetals. On the periodic table, a diagonal line drawn from boron (B) to polonium (Po) separates the metals from the nonmetals. Elements on this line are metalloids, sometimes called semi-metals; elements to the lower left are metals; elements to the upper right are nonmetals.

Metals have certain characteristic physical properties: they are usually shiny (they have "lustre"), have a high density, are ductile and malleable, usually have a high melting point, are usually hard, and conduct electricity and heat well. These properties are mainly because each atom exerts only a loose hold on its outermost electrons (valence electrons); thus, the valence electrons form a sort of sea around the atoms. Most metals are chemically stable, with the notable exception of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, found in the leftmost two groups of the periodic table.
Nonmetals are more abundant in nature than metals, but metals in fact constitute most of the periodic table. Some well-known metals are aluminum, copper, gold, iron, lead, silver, titanium, uranium and zinc.

An alloy is a mixture with metallic properties that contains at least one metal element. Examples of alloys are steel (iron and carbon), brass (copper and zinc), bronze (copper and tin), and duralumin (aluminum and copper). Alloys specially designed for highly demanding applications, such as jet engines, may contain more than ten elements.

The oxides of metals are basic; those of nonmetals are acidic. The allotropes of metals tend to be lustrous, ductile, malleable and good conductors, while nonmetals generally speaking are brittle (for solid nonmetals), lack luster, and are insulators.
(See Periodic Table of Elements)

Campro Scientific offers you a full range of Metal Isotopes in the chemical forms of elemental, oxides, carbonates or chlorides in several enrichments. Oxidations, Hydrogen and salt conversions are done routinely as well as production of many foils to varying sizes, shapes and tolerances.

Ag-107-109
Ba-130-132-134-135-136-137-138
Br-79-81
Ca-40-42-43-44-46-48
Cd-106-108-110-111-112-113-114-116
Ce-136-138-140-142
Cl-35-37
Cr-50-52-53-54
Cu-63-65
Dy-158-160-161-162-163-164
Er-162-164-166-167-168-170
Eu-151-153
Fe-54-56-57-58
Ga-69-71
Gd-152-154-155-156-157-158-160
Ge-70-72-73-74-76
Hf-174-176-177-178-179-180
Hg-196-198-199-200-201-202-204
In-113-115
Ir-191-193
K-39-40-41
La-138-139
Li-6-7
Lu-175-176
Mg-24-25-26
Mo-92-94-95-96-97-98-100
Nd-142-143-144-145-146-148-150
Ni-58-60-61-62-64
Os-186-187-188-189-190-192
Pb-204-206-207-208
Pd-102-104-105-106-108-110
Pt-190-192-194-195-196-198
Rb-85-87
Re-185
Ru-98-100-101-102-104
S-32-33-34-36
Sb-121-123
Se-74-76-77-78-80-82
Si-28-29-30
Sm-144-147-148-149-150-152-154
Sn-112-114-115-116-117-118-119-120-122-124
Sr-84-86-87-88
Ta-180
Te-120-122-123-124-125-126-130
Ti-46-47-48-49-50
Tl-203-205
V-50
W-180-182-183-184-186
Yb-168-170-171-172-173-174-176
Zn-64-66-67-68-70
Zr-90-91-92-94-96

Intro

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon involving the interaction of atomic nuclei placed in an external magnetic field with an applied electromagnetic field oscillating at a particular frequency. Magnetic conditions within the material are measured by monitoring the radiation absorbed and emitted by the atomic nuclei. NMR is used as a spectroscopy technique to obtain physical, chemical, and electronic properties of molecules. NMR is also the underlying principle of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

In NMR, the sample to be tested is placed in a static external magnetic field. An antenna, usually a coil-shaped inductor with the sample inside, is used to irradiate the sample with radio waves. At certain frequencies, atomic nuclei within the sample will absorb the radiation and enter an excited state. After a time, the nuclei will re-emit the radiation, which can be detected by the antenna. Finally, a measurement is taken of when and how much radiation is re-emitted.
Only nuclei with non zero magnetic moment can undergo NMR. Such nuclei must have an odd number of protons or neutrons (e.g. 1H, 2H, 13C, 15N, 31P, 19F).

A description of the interaction of atomic nuclei with the magnetic field involves both quantum and classical effects, and this gives rise to two different interpretations of some parts of the process.

The NMR Tubes in our delivery program are manufactured from ASTM Type 1 borosilicate or “Pyrex” glass and their performance is assured by state of the art manufacturing and inspection processes for camber and concentricity. Valved tubes make it easier to study difficult compounds. Threaded tubes facilitate reaction studies and sample storage.

For a complete overview of our NMR Tubes, deuterated solvents and Reference Standards, MAS Rotors and Caps, please contact us and request our NMR Products catalog

NMR Tubes

Each and every tube is 100% gauged to meet the most exacting standards. They are made of Type 1 Class A borosilicate glass and are ideal for sealing directly to vacuum manifolds, joints or valves. We believe that due to technical advances it is possible to provide you with NMR tubes with the highest precision. In order to ensure the high quality of our products and to be able to meet various requirements that our customers have, each tube is tested individually and ranked according to its thickness and linearity. We hope that our sample tubes will be most useful and beneficial to all of our customers.

• High Precision Thin Wall NMR Sample Tubes
• Advanced NMR Microtubes
• Symmetrical NMR Microtubes

These unique and patented NMR Microtubes are made out of a special type of hard glass with excellent chemical durability. They are magnetic susceptibility matched to each of the following solvents: CDCL, CD3OD, D2O and DMSO. Therefore, the best resolution of a sample can be obtained in each of these solutions with minimal amounts of sample. However, the use of a small amount of solution will not affect the spectral resolution or the sideband.

• Alumina Tubes

A unique alumina tube for 29Si and 11B NMR. This 150 mm long NMR tube consists of highly densified alumina material which holds your sample. By using our alumina tube, the 29Si spectrum is free from a broad 29Si signal, and the spinning sidebands are suppressed to a minimum because of the tube's precision and quality.

NMR Solvents

• Acetic-d3 Acid-d
• Acetone-d6
• Acetonitrile-d3
• Benzene-d6
• Chloroform-d
• Deuterium Oxide
• Dichloromethane-d2
• Methyl-d3 alcohol-d
(Methyl sulfoxide)-d6

• Pyridine-d5
• Tetrahydrofuran-d8
• Toluene-d8
• Trifluoroacetic acid-d

MAS Rotors & Caps

Manufactured from the highest purity Zirconia, our MAS Rotors provide the NMR spectroscopist with the ultimate alternative for analysis of solid samples.
The need to solvate solid samples is eliminated. They are
available for most of the present solid state NMR spectrometers.
Our MAS Rotors are carefully examined for material irregularities by optical methods before and after the precision machining process. Each rotor is spin tested to the highest specified spinning speed.
High precision (which becomes a necessity for proper spinning performance) is maintained in the manufacture of the end caps. Most end caps are fitted with o-rings
for better sealing. Some caps have axial holes for venting.

Bruker
Doty

These rotors are for use with the Doty Standard and High Speed Probes

Varian

These rotors are an ideal alternative for the Varian Si3N4 rotors.

Intro

The noble gases are a chemical series. They are the elements in group 18 (old-style Group 0) of the periodic table of elements; specifically they are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon.


Helium-3

Helium was first detected in 1868 by the French astronomer Pierre Janssen, as a bright yellow line in the spectrum of the chromosphere of the sun during a solar eclipse in India. In the same year, the English astronomer, Norman Lockyer, also observed a previously unknown yellow line in the solar spectrum and concluded that it was caused by an element unknown on earth. Lockyer and the British chemist Edward Frankland gave the element the name helium, after the Greek word for the sun, which is helios. In 1895, the British chemist William Ramsay isolated helium on earth by treating cleveite with mineral acids. These samples were identified as helium by Lockyer and the British physicist William Crookes. In the same year it was independently isolated from cleveite by the Swedish chemists Per Teodor Cleve and Nils Langlet.
In 1905, the American chemists, Hamilton Cady and David McFarland, discovered that helium could be extracted from natural gas. In 1907, Ernest Rutherford and Thomas Royds demonstrated that an alpha particle is a helium nucleus. Helium was first liquefied in 1908 by the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, by cooling the gas to less than one kelvin. It was first solidified in 1926 by his student, Willem Hendrik Keesom. In 1938, the Russian physicist Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, discovered that helium-4 has almost no viscosity at temperatures near absolute zero, a phenomenon now called superfluidity. In 1972, the same phenomenon was observed in helium-3 by the American physicists, Douglas D. Osheroff, David M. Lee, and Robert C. Richardson.

Helium, one of the noble gases of the periodic table of elements, is colorless, odorless and tasteless. Its boiling and melting points are the lowest among the elements. Except in extreme conditions, it exists only as a gas. Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe and significant amounts are found on earth only in natural gas.


Neon-20-21-22

Neon is the second lightest noble gas. It glows reddish-orange in a vacuum discharge tube and it has over 40 times the refrigerating capacity of liquid helium and three times that of liquid hydrogen (on a per unit volume basis). In most applications it is a less expensive refrigerant than helium. Neon has the most intense discharge at normal voltages and currents of all the rare gases.


Argon-36-38-40

Argon is 2.5 times as soluble in water as nitrogen which is approximately the same solubility as oxygen. This chemically inert element is colorless and odorless in both its liquid and gaseous forms. There are no known true chemical compounds that contain argon. The creation of argon hydroflouride (HArF) was reported by researchers at the University of Helsinki in 2000. A highly unstable compound with fluorine has been reported but not yet proven. Although no chemical compounds of argon are presently confirmed, argon can form clathrates with water when its atoms are trapped in a lattice of the water molecules.


Krypton-78-80-82-83-84-86

Krypton, a so-called noble gas due to its very low chemical reactivity, is characterized by a brilliant green and orange spectral signature. It is one of the products of uranium fission. Solidified krypton is white and crystalline with a face-centered cubic crystal structure which is a common property of all "rare gases."


Xenon-124-126-128-129-131-132-134-136

Xenon is a member of the zero-valence elements that are called noble or inert gases. The word "inert" is no longer used to describe this chemical series since some zero valence elements do form compounds. In a tube filled with gas, xenon emits a beautiful bleu glow when the gas is excited by electrical discharge. Using several hundred kilobars of pressure metallic xenon has been made. Xenon can also form clathrates with water when atoms of it are trapped in a lattice of the water molecules.


Helium / Neon Laser Gas Mixtures

Stable laser mixtures with Helium-3/Neon components. Full analysis of each mixture ensures the isotopic ratios and chemical analysis


Note: All gas mixes are provided with analytical data confirming mix component ratios, isotopes and chemical purities.

Organic Chemicals for Agrochemical, Biomedical
and Pharmaceutical Research

Intro

cGMP guidelines
Good Manufacturing Practice is an international set of guidelines by which drugs are manufactured. The purpose of GMP is to ensure a quality product. Since sampling products will statistically only ensure that the samples themselves (and perhaps the areas adjacent to where the samples were taken) are suitable for use, GMP takes the tactic of regulating and documenting the production environment itself. If the documentation is not correct and in order, showing how the product was made in a recipe format, and allowing for tracebility in the event of future problems, then the product is considered contaminated.
GMP is used by pharmaceutical production plants in all countries that are participating in the International Conference on Harmonisation, or ICH. Similar forms of GMP may be used in additional countries. Other systems, along the same lines as GMP, exist for laboratories (GLP), safety (GSP), etc. GMP is also referred to as cGMP, meaning "current" Good Manufacturing Practice.
In the US, the FDA or Food and Drug Administration sets GMP policy through the mechanism of the Federal Register, and numerous guidelines it releases to industry.

AstaTech
Advanced Intermediates for Pharmaceutical and Agrochemical Research

Amino Acids
Anthranilic Acid Derivatives
Aryl Piperidine Derivatives
Biphenyl Phenyl Acids for Combichem
Boronic Acids
Building Blocks: Amine-Pyrrolidines
Bulk Fine Chemicals
Chiral Intermediates
Commercial Drug Intermediates
Heterocycle Intermediates
Indole Derivatives
Isatoic Derivatives
Novel Amines
Phenyl Acetylene
Protected Amines
Special Reagents

Toronto Research Chemicals
Complex Organic Chemicals for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research

Amino Acids & Derivatives
Carbohydrates & Derivatives
Chromatography Media
Detergents
Fluorescent Labels & Indicators
Glycerols, Fatty Acid Derivatives & Lipids
Hydantoins & Derivatives
Indole Derivatives
Intermediates
Isotope Labeled Compounds
Metabolites
Mutagenesis Research Chemicals
Neurochemicals
Nicotine Derivatives
Nitric Oxide Reagents
Oligosaccharides
Pharmaceuticals, Intermediates & Fine Chemicals
Retinoids
Spin Labeling Compounds
Sulfur & Selenium Compounds
Wittig Reagents